India in 2050

India is the Country of decent variety. It is the excellence if assorted variety that makes india an extremely extraordinary nation in each viewpoint be it specialized, logical, social, or natural. Each Indian is worth of achieving each errand that can prospers the economy of the country. Indeed, even history has demonstrated that Indians are worth jewels for world as the vivekanand, mahatma Gandhi, mother Teresa, satuyajit beam, sam pitroda and numerous to indicate. It is demonstrated that we Indians has more creativity than numerous other open on the planet. At that point the inquiry stuck in our psyche that as indicated by current circumstance how india will glance in 2050? What will be its financial status, science and innovative turn of events, expectation for everyday comforts and other related fields?Though having occupied streets, tight timetable, populace thickness, wellbeing perils and so forth., we Indians are as yet glad for our way of life. regardless of serving MNC†™s with modest work, despite everything being the most compelling motivation of accomplishment of our way of life that emphasis on eco-invitingness, our activities that we however in a roundabout way enjoy serving humanity.India has encountered remarkable populace development: somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2011 India added 181 million individuals to the world, marginally not exactly the whole populace of Brazil. Be that as it may, 76 percent of India’s populace lives on under US$2 every day (at buying power equality rates). India positions at the base of the pyramid in per capita-level utilization pointers in vitality or power as well as in practically all other pertinent per capita-level utilization markers, in spite of high paces of development in the last decade.Much of India’s populace increment has happened among the least fortunate financial percentile. Generally socio-financially propelled Indian states had a fruitfulness pace of under 2.1 in 2009 †n ot exactly the level expected to keep up a steady populace adhering to newborn child mortality guidelines in created nations.But in more unfortunate states like Bihar, richness rates were closer to 4.0. Does this development mean India can depend on the ‘demographic dividend’ to spike advancement? This marvel, which alludes to the period where an enormous extent of a country’s populace is of working age, is said to have represented between one-fourth and two-fifths of East Asia’s ‘economic miracle’ as watched late last century.But India isn't East Asia. Its populace thickness is just about multiple times the normal in East Asia and in excess of multiple times the world normal of 45 individuals for each square kilometer. In the event that India has anyplace close to 1.69 billion individuals in 2050, it will have in excess of 500 individuals for each square kilometer. Moreover, as far as framework advancement India as of now is not even close to where East Asian countries were before their blast. As far as delicate to hard foundation, traversing training, social insurance, streets, power, lodging, work development and that's only the tip of the iceberg, India is noticeably strained.For model, India has an introduced vitality limit of minimal more than 200 gigawatts; China has more than 1000 gigawatts and intends to create 600 gigawatts of clean power by 2020. To exacerbate the situation, a significant number of the recently introduced power stations in India face an intense deficiency of coal, and future gracefully isn't ensured. China mines near four billion tons of coal for every year, which negatively affects both neighborhood and worldwide air quality.At some stage, it is likely unavoidable that India will require a lot more prominent limit than its current pace of mining 600 million tons of coal for each year, which is likewise causing nearby and worldwide contamination levels to rise †portions of India face ai r quality issues like those in China. On oil, India imports near 80 percent of its unrefined petroleum prerequisites, while it likewise runs an impractical current record shortfall of more than 5 percent of its GDP, and stores for new vitality sources like shale gas don't look encouraging either.India’s food gracefully is in a far more detestable position. As an individual from India’s Planning Commission put it, ‘we have an issue and it very well may be unmistakably placed in the accompanying manner: around 2004â€2005,â our per capita food grains creation had returned to the 1970s level’. In 2005â€07, the normal Indian devoured just 2,300 calories for every day †underneath the characterized neediness line in provincial regions of 2,400 calories per day. The pattern as of late is for Indians to eat even less.So, for India, rewarding delicately Malthusian forecasts about food flexibly until 2050 or past may not be reasonable. Overall food costs have been on the ascent to unexpected levels, and India also has been experiencing high food inflation.Finally, regardless of whether India figures out how to take care of its prospering populace, its development may not be biologically maintainable. The worldwide interest for water in 2050 is anticipated to be more than 50 percent of what it was in 2000, and interest for food will twofold. By and large, a thousand tons of water is required to create one ton of food grains. It’s to be expected, at that point, that worldwide debates about water have progressively been duplicated among states in India, where the Supreme Court is every now and again asked to intervene.The likely answer is that arrangement producers have bombed wretchedly on every single quantifiable check. In the event that one thinks about India to China this turns out to be clear. While China’s one-kid strategy has been scrutinized as against human nobility and rights †and there is no denying that such measures ought to be kept away from beyond what many would consider possible †the historical backdrop of human development instructs us that outrageous circumstances call for extraordinary activities. There will be abundant time for numerous schools to have their post-mortems on the achievement and disappointment of the one-youngster strategy, yet it has helped China to control its populace by a potential 400 million people.There are as yet a huge number of individuals despite everything making due in india on salary of short of what one dollar daily . India will never be consider created nation except if and until the destitution, craving and agony of the poor in the city and those living in the ghettos is checked. As indicated by the riches report 2012 byâ knightfrunk and citi private bank, india will develop as the monetary superpower in 2050, beating U.S. what's more, china with a GDP of $85.97 trillion and india will likewise observe a monetary development of 8% by 2 050.There must be upward portability in financial terms and recognisation is through execution and results, and not through different measurements which suit particular vested parties. Indian innovative organizations ought to make their own top situation on the planet by indentifying world and satisfying those by utilizing advances. They ought to distinguish what administrations should be created and conveyed to address the issue of our immature populace to improve human services, instruction and new financial models to profit in reverse segments of the general public. The cutting edge industry is experiencing troublesome changes on account of progress to cloud-conveyed services.Thus an Optimistic perspective on rising india as a completely created as a superpower country as well as a healthy improvement in the fields of wellbeing, instruction, business, urban and extraordinary emphesis on provincial advancement with a destitution free, ghetto free, high work opportunity are the con templations and dreams that each Indian may be seeing. with the endeavors of us all we will definitely consider our to be INDIA IN 2050 as a prousperous, cheerful and overally created country.

W. H. Auden’s Mus

What's more, the differentiation In words utilized inside the sonnet (â€Å"Innocent behind†) are utilized to Juxtapose how W. H. Aden has put the Idea of Europe for all intents and purposes Ignoring the Holocaust with the Cirrus catastrophe †which is utilized to represent Addend's sentiments and perspectives on what was going on during the asses in Second World War Britain. ‘Musse des Beaux Arts' incorporates varieties of language gadgets. The utilization of sibilance in the sonnet, â€Å"disappearing†¦ Passionately†¦ Sun shone†, features the difference of the state of mind In Addend's prose.This clarifies that the tone of the sonnet vanes all through. For Instance, the main verse opens with a drabber opening (â€Å"About suffering†) yet finishes with the juxtaposition â€Å"innocent behind†. This shows the dissimilarities in the state of mind all through the sonnet. Aden will in general use fronting to express what is on his mind fas ter. â€Å"About enduring they were rarely off-base, The Old Masters; how well they understood†. This sentence includes an impact by being grounded †It has purposely been returned to-front. It gets the topic of the sonnet across rapidly and gives us judgment on the key themes.Therefore, it reports the subject of the sonnet. In any case, one could contend that the subject of the sonnet isn't about war. Then again, one can perceive how the sonnet Is about religion and Jesus †consequently the reference to affliction. The notice of â€Å"martyrdom† joins with how Jesus was accepted to have passed on Tort our wily. The structure of the sonnet is unpredictable. The main refrain is much longer than the subsequent verse. This is on the grounds that Aden needs to express his case before he makes reference to what the sonnet is about. â€Å"On a lake at the edge of the wood: they never forgot†.The SE of enjambment on the sentence features the continuation of the sonnet. Aden is Just setting up his theory and utilizations both enjambment and end halting to invoke utilizing the second refrain as a speedier, punchier verse. All in all, Addend's ‘Musse des Beaux Arts' recognizes numerous subjects and uses authentic setting to sum up his own view on Nazi Germany during the hour of the sonnet's organization. By utilizing language and basic gadgets in an unpredictable manner, he can feature the difference in tone and symbolism all through the content.

Atlantic Slave Trade Free Essays

The Atlantic exchange, famously known as the triangular or transoceanic exchange, started in the fifteenth century. It turned out to be increasingly famous when an impossible to miss yet well paying item supplanted gold. This was slave exchange and its ubiquity expanded in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. We will compose a custom article test on Atlantic Slave Trade or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The dangerous slave exchange radiated from an unquenchable requirement for a work power in European domains. The names triangular and transoceanic exchanges originate from the shape it made on the guide (Evans, 2010). Atlantic Slave Trade Course In the European point of view, subjection was the best business they could possibly do around the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Numerous boats docked at her harbors stacked with slaves who were the most beneficial item. They supported her economy to extraordinary statures. The slave exchange shaped an exchange course that was generally gainful; the Atlantic slave exchange. The trade’s association was where the accompanying occurred; Ships left Europe for Africa with exchange products, which were traded with slaves. The boats would then make a beeline for America with the slaves and sell them there. The boats would then come back to Europe with horticultural items, for example, rum, sugar, cotton, and tobacco (See connected picture) (Mbamara, 2006). Africans were the best workforce since they were resistant to numerous tropical maladies. They were additionally knowledgeable about the occupations the Europeans had for them. These included cows keeping, and farming. They were likewise familiar with hard work. This caused the exchange to develop, as the Europeans required them in huge numbers. The transoceanic exchange was generally critical to the Europeans since each stop converted into colossal benefits. Slave exchange was plainly indecent yet the benefits it accompanied repressed these worries. A portion of the exercises the slaves completed included sugar creation, mining, just as the gathering of tobacco, cotton, and espresso. (Mbamara, 2006). Africans then again were into this flourishing exchange whereby they sold their own. They anyway made it difficult for the Europeans to infiltrate their property as they had raised a military force. The Europeans then again dreaded infiltrating Africa as they dreaded the tropical maladies. There existed African dealers who were shrunk by the Europeans to get them slaves from the inside. The coast had scarcely any slaves and Europeans needed to go through months attempting to get enough slaves for their shiploads (Klein, 2010). The Africans put hindrances and this left the Europeans with no decision however tranquil exchange. The Africans proceeded to climb their requests on the Europeans. They presented nearby duties for any individual who wished to buy slaves. Along these lines, they were in full control of their market. This constrained the Europeans to hack up to  £375 per transport and at exactly that point would they be allowed to exchange. This sum secured an imperial assessment, pay for illustrious authorities and mediators. They at that point needed to settle an exportation charge. These assessments were dependent upon vacillations popular and gracefully. Africans gained by this exchange by offering water and different supplies to the Europeans who might go through months at the coast haggling for the slaves. The biggest quantities of slaves were given by the Whydah and the Dahomey (Klein, 2010). In 1807, a law to cancel slave exchange Britain and different forces associated with the exchange was passed. By 1833, the sum total of what slaves had been liberated and sent back to their countries. In 1815, France pulled back from slave exchange and different forces stuck to this same pattern. Around the nineteenth century, the Atlantic slave exchange had reduced. History specialists conjecture that the financial components that prompted the decrease of the slave exchange are that the estates they worked in had become inefficient monetarily. They likewise feel that might be Britain had brought in enough cash and was along these lines getting autonomous. This may have made slave exchange less speaking to the home economy (Hardy, 2005). End The transoceanic slave exchange was gainful to both the Europeans and the Africans boss and rulers. The Europeans got a work power for their estates and mines. They additionally profited by rural items from America. The African eminences got income out of the slaves they sold. The decrease of the transoceanic exchange is somewhat credited to abolishment of slave exchange and monetary motivating forces. Be that as it may, the slave exchange was disparaging to mankind and it is an incredible thing to scrap it off paying little heed to the purposes for it. Step by step instructions to refer to Atlantic Slave Trade, Papers

Explaining Subsidiary Implementation and Integration Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Explaining Subsidiary Implementation and Integration. Answer: Presentation Cera is one of the most driving associations that is working on the planet successfully. Also, it has been seen that with the expansion in the operational exercises in the association that is profoundly required to make the organization profitable and the representatives at the organization extremely serious. It is because of the explanation that when the businesses at the association can comprehend the general profitability level of their workers they can be effectively ready to upgrade the validity of their firm in the more compelling and productive way. Furthermore, it has been seen that there are numerous perspectives that should be thought of while planning the exhibition estimation framework for the organization (Oldham, 2015). Those components that should be incorporated consolidates the rewards as per the exhibition of the workers in the more productive way. Thinking about this as a primary concern, it is discovered that a portion of the higher specialists at KERA must need t o view the systems that has been made so as to welcome the exhibition of the representatives. For this reason, it is profoundly significant for the administration that they consider those components that should be remembered for the presentation the board framework with the goal that progressively viable outcomes can be acquired from the laborers in the more indicated timeframe (Reguieg, 2015). It has been seen that with the impediments in the association the general effectiveness of the association can get improved. It is because of the explanation that by setting the gauges in the association the degree of profitability can get expanded. It is found in the past investigations that those associations that can recognize their zone of qualities and zones of shortcoming can without much of a stretch have the option to accomplish their objectives in the more association. Thinking about this as a top priority, it very well may be expressed that in the ebb and flow report the analyst fou nd that the administration of the CERA has settled and made a few constraints for their staff individuals so as to keep a beware of the exhibition estimation in the more significant way. Moreover, it has been seen that According to the individuals that are working in the CERA association are basically happy with the HR the board framework that have actualized in the CERA (Tzabbar, 2017). It is indicated in the past examinations that a large portion of the representatives in the organization must need to comprehend the reality so as to make their association fruitful they have to set a few measures for themselves so as to play out their errands in the more successful and effective way. Alongside this, it is discovered that the higher administration is having some profound discussion about the adjustment in the prize framework and because of this they are confounded that whether they have to roll out certain improvements in their exhibition estimation framework. Also, it tends to be expressed that with the expansion in the effectiveness of the workers in the more gainful way (Xing, 2016). As per the past investigations it is discovered that it is exceptionally huge for the representatives to fill in according to the gauges that must be set by the businesses of the association. What's more, it has been seen that such organizations that can upgrade the degree of their pr esentation by changing a few examples in their systems in the more appealing way. It has been discovered that HRM is considered as one of the most necessary pieces of the organization that helps in starting the general execution of the organization (Junior, 2016). There are numerous advantages connected with the division of the Human Resource Management that can assist the businesses with making the most fitting procedures so the more powerful results can be acquired in the restricted timeframe (Aab, 2014). Alongside this, it has been seen that the administration of the CERA association must need to break down all the angles that are connected with the granting arrangement of the organization. It is because of the explanation that with the assistance of those deliberately featured devices the more significant way can be acquired. Moreover, it is discovered that with the consistent practices the general destinations of the work environment can be accomplished in the more significant way. Likewise, it has been seen that the greater part of the individuals in the organization must need to investigate that with the improvement in the methodologies the goals can be picked up in the more beneficial way. It is discovered that the greater part of the representatives at the working environment must need to take a gander at all the viewpoints that help them to develop in their professions in the more significant way. What's more, it tends to be expressed that when the representatives are happy with the arrangement of the prizes they can have the option to improve their own exhibitions in the more compelling and productive way. There are numerous components that should be watched with the goal that they can be improving the chart of their exhibitions. What's more, it is discovered that with the expansion in the hypothetical exercises of the workers for the profitability (Sulistyaningrum, 2016) It is significant for the individuals to upgrade the degree of their associations with the goal that they can have the option to improve the arrangement of the firm (Oldham, 2015). The primary points of the CERA Company are: To upgrade the productivity level of their representatives To improve the component of profitability To make the HR division increasingly skilled Impediments of CERA execution Management It has been seen that with the constraints that are obvious in CERAs singular execution estimation considers the progressive system and late upgrades in this HRM is as declared in master composing given are as because of the event of Halo Effect a hole in assessment is discovered that is considered as the greatest shortcoming of this technique that need to get settled in the most earlier premise and the issue is discovered that if the businesses do the preference the negative effect left on the representatives and alongside this, because of this a few workers get the higher rating while a few workers and lower appraised due to ominous affiliation (Ahlvik, 2015). Also, the rating esteems are not satisfactory and the administrators that are utilized with the different kinds of standard for various representatives. There are deficient proof are begin on which a few representatives are get misrepresented on the grounds that they can't dazzle their managers which brings about an excess pr esentation evaluation (Sulistyaningrum, 2016). There are not many characteristics are stately on the grounds that it took too long to even consider assessing the entirety of the possibilities as various laborers are working inside the establishment those are having various qualities and practices and are of from various foundations and it is the most significant component. The rating would be done on the bases of pardon occupancy or severity tenure. The rating has found on the high and second rate according to models of the evaluator alongside this, the presentation the executives is an amazingly powerful component for the associations. So as to meet the instructing specific items and objectives it has been basic to have strong conveyed between the exchanges and laborers (Dusterhoff, 2014). Execution the executives is a system of preparing for the destinations, checking the every task, data amassing with its estimating result, choosing decision for the result and at the end the correspondence of the result (Simons, 2013). The exhibition the board not simply depends on upon productivity, ampleness of market, profit, and purchaser steadfastness furthermore depends on upon delegate morals so the .execution the executives is incredibly significant step in the association which is significantly convincing for laborer's satisfaction. Though the exhibition examination framework isn't like the presentation the executives, execution the board is applied to assess the representatives execution as indicated by the diverse standard rate while the other presentation evaluation framework is a device to assess the presentation of workers in the association and the two of them are the totally various terms. There are a couple of strategies and contraptions that can be used to survey the exhibition (Merchant, 2007). To survey an individual work execution and potential progression methodologically is an assessment technique. It is a proper structure wherein we measure the future execution. This can assist us with discovering the characteristics and inadequacies of an individual to their appropriate occupations. Execution and fulfillment both are corresponding to one another and accept a magnificent part to give satisfaction to laborers (Hatry, 2006). Anticipation to wipe out the mistakes approach It is exceptionally significant for the representatives to ensure that they are accomplishing their work as indicated by the norms of their association. It is because of the explanation that when they can fulfill the guidelines they can have the option to lessen the component of mistakes from their undertakings. The business should need to concentrate on the quality methodologies and it is because of the explanation that it can assist the worker with making the general effectiveness of the work place progressively valid in the serious condition. What's more, it can assist the administration with doing the general investigation of the presentation in the more significant way with the assistance of the exhibition estimation devices. MBO is one of the presentation assessments device in which little targets are set so as to assess the exhibition. This procedure should be possible by actualizing distinctive set targets so as to accomplish generally speaking objectives and destinations in the more compelling and proficient way (Dusterhoff, 2014). This is the procedure that has been actualizing in the association by viable administration framework estimating the efficiency and for improving the profitability (Hervani, 2005). This is the model applied to assess the presentation of individuals in the association. Just as

Project Management for Opening Street Food †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Project Management for Opening Street Food. Answer: Sydney Metro Station in NSW, a great spot for road food opening Sydney Metro Station is one of the most alluring spots for the clients to come and benefit food from the food trucks and vans (Sainsbury, Colagiuri Magnusson, 2107). Clients visit the metro station as it is a day by day part of their excursions. Road food keeps client associated with the merchant. Considering the Sydney metro station as one of the busiest station in North South Whales in Australia, it draws in a large portion of the clients for profiting food from the road trucks and road vans. Food vans and food tucks are worked to unite design and food in one grounds. There are for the most part two kinds of portable food distributing Food vans and food trucks. Food vans are those which sell food that are not unsafe and incorporate practices that include low dangers. While Food trucks are those versatile nourishments distributing that faces challenges (Zhao Li, 2017). Food that are cooked in the spot itself or the food in which temperature are to be kept up are considered as unsafe food. Food assumes a significant job in working of the urban communities. The individuals are strictly and socially associated with food. Sydney metro station, a significant plays for day by day visit for the residents of NSW helps the food seller outside the metro station to build up their business in selling of food. As an initial business, limits on nourishments are given to the profiting clients. The condition that is worked outside the metro station of Sydney makes an effect on collaboration of individuals with food making it a decent spot for a new company to sell their food. Authorizations required for nearby merchants The neighborhood road seller needs authorization from the nearby proprietor or the chamber they are selling food at. The consent and the measure of assessment that they need to provide for the administration contrast in better places. The endorsement strategies of the neighborhood given to the versatile food sellers in Sydney. There are specific laws for treatment of safe food and the practices that require in arrangement of food (Hal et al., 2016). The conditions that are required for exchanging on the road that incorporates the all out number of hours for selling of food and the specific area of the region where to sell the food and the event of different organizations. The methods for profiting consent for various sorts of food merchant are extraordinary. Arrangements are distinctive in each zone including the quantity of hours and the kind of food that they are selling. The various zones in Sydney where various approaches are based are as per the following- Strategies for food truck Arrangements of food van Endorsement arrangement of versatile food distributing The executives activity plan The approaches for portable food distributing are that any of the enlisted vehicles that are utilized in the region of the metro station are either towed down chamber or is self-propelled (Ahmed et al., 2014). The vehicles do exclude bicycles or vehicles or no fixed shop. These sorts of vehicles are not given enrollment. On side food arrangement is finished by vehicles distributing versatile food, for example, tacos and burgers and food that needs one stage planning, for example, espresso, popcorns and any kind of food that are pre pressed. Under vehicles of portable food distributing, there are two classes Food vans incorporates Category 1 and Food trucks incorporate Category 2. Food vans incorporate nourishments that are not risky, for example, readiness of espresso or desserts. A food truck includes risky food, for example, creation of food and keeping the temperature directly for the food that needs the temperature. The sellers of portable food vehicle ought to guarantee that they have the authorization for utilizing the street claimed by the Council before beginning their business. The merchants ought to fulfill the necessities of enactment of the metro zone of Sydney and the Policy. References Sainsbury, E., Colagiuri, S., Magnusson, R. (2017). A review of food and drink promoting on the Sydney metropolitan train organize: guideline and arrangement implications.BMC open health,17(1), 490. Zhao, P., Li, S. (2017). Bike metro mix in a developing city: The determinants of cycling as an exchange mode in metro station territories in Beijing.Transportation explore section An: arrangement and practice,99, 46-60. van Hal, S. J., Espedido, B. A., Coombs, G. W., Howden, B. P., Korman, T. M., Nimmo, G. R., ... Jensen, S. O. (2016). Polyclonal rise of vanA vancomycin-safe Enterococcus faecium in Australia.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,72(4), 998-1001. Ahmed, R. M., Irish, M., Kam, J., van Keizerswaard, J., Bartley, L., Samaras, K., ... Piguet, O. (2014). Evaluating the eating variations from the norm in frontotemporal dementia.JAMA neurology,71(12), 1540-1546.

Introducing the Class of 2013 Christy 13

Introducing the Class of 2013 Christy 13 Im frequently asked about the students that are admitted to MIT. Who are they? What is their story? Beginning today, Im going to be posting a series of articles about incoming MIT students. These articles mostly come from local newspapers. The stories are pretty inspirational, and the students are going to be great members of the MIT community. A few notes on these articles: The students profiled so far, I have 13 student-articles are not demographically representative of MIT. Some groups, like athletes, seem somewhat overrepresented, while other groups, like Californians (California, of course, is our largest represented state in the class), are very underrepresented. For a full look at the demographics of the Class of 2013, see the Freshman Class Profile (freshly updated!). A number of the journalists focus on the financial aid packages of the students as if they are merit scholarships. Please remember that at MIT, we only award need-based scholarships, and we meet the full financial need of every student. The 13 articles I have compiled come from my Google and Yahoo news feeds. If theres an article about you or a friend that youd like to see here, let me know! The profiled students to date: Christy Swartz 13 Terence Dalbert 13 Sean Fannin 13 Jonte Craighead 13 Chandler and Taylor Burfield 13 Trevor Zinser 13 Henrique de Oliveira Pinto Pondv © 13 Chika Ugboh 13 Qinxuan Pan 13 Scott Landers 13 Cory Ward 13 Edner Paul 13 Jeremy Dalcin 13 Bee Vang 13 The Class of 2009: Science whiz knows just where she belongs: MIT By Eric Stevick, Herald Writer Sunday, June 7, 2009 Stanwood High School graduating senior Christy Swartz. [Michael OLeary / The Herald] STANWOOD Christy Swartz could appreciate the symbolism. On March 14, at 1:59 p.m., the Stanwood High School senior received an e-mail from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology letting her know she had been accepted to the university renowned for its math and science. The month, day and time the e-mail was sent translate to 3.14159, better known as pi, the mathematical symbol for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. I loved that, said Christy, 17, who sees math and science everywhere, be it the sound waves from the harp she plays or the dimensions and composition of a homemade trombone she built for a science project. People see confusion between the arts and science, she said. I see them as interrelated. Its just a matter of seeing the connection. During her freshman year at Stanwood High, Christy set her sights on MIT after reading a story in Scientific American magazine about students with a passion for math and problem-solving. I thought, Oh my gosh, I belong with those people. It became an obsession. It always has been my dream. Christy, one of four valedictorians at Stanwood High, is considering studying physics and electrical engineering at MIT, but shes already had her hands in meaningful science. She and classmates Jimmy Besancon and Derek Britain recently won $10,000 in a statewide technology competition at Washington State University based on their work converting tidal energy from Saratoga Passage into usable power that charges a 12-volt battery. Half their winnings go to their school, but they get to split $5,000. They spent 250 hours on their project. To Christy, the pursuit of math and science and taking the toughest classes her school offers is worth it. If you love something, its not hard, she said. Its just fun and challenging.

Lean Management at IKEA - 2475 Words

Lean Management at IKEA (Research Paper Sample) Content: Lean Management at IKEAWord Count: 2,655Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc356282994 \h 4Description of the organization PAGEREF _Toc356282995 \h 4Current problem at IKEA PAGEREF _Toc356282996 \h 5The evidence that supports the existence of the problem PAGEREF _Toc356282997 \h 5How the problem harms the firm. PAGEREF _Toc356282998 \h 6Literature review PAGEREF _Toc356282999 \h 7Lean management PAGEREF _Toc356283000 \h 7Lean principles PAGEREF _Toc356283001 \h 8Lean implementation framework PAGEREF _Toc356283002 \h 10TQM bundle PAGEREF _Toc356283003 \h 10JIT bundle PAGEREF _Toc356283004 \h 10TPM bundle PAGEREF _Toc356283005 \h 11Future trends of lean manufacturing PAGEREF _Toc356283006 \h 11Implementation of lean manufacturing at IKEA PAGEREF _Toc356283007 \h 12Description PAGEREF _Toc356283008 \h 12Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc356283009 \h 13Appendix PAGEREF _Toc356283010 \h 14Table 1: action plan PAGEREF _Toc356283011 \h 14Table 2: SWOT analysis PAGER EF _Toc356283012 \h 15References PAGEREF _Toc356283013 \h 15IntroductionFor so long, the implementation of the lean philosophy has concerned many managers. The process has been known to increase efficiency in the diverse manufacturing processes and business processes. Liker defined lean as the philosophy that is implemented in order to eliminate waste in the flow of production and pass the benefits to the consumer (Linker 1996, p.12). The process, if carefully implemented leads to large-scale manufacturing excellence. Lean lays emphasis on the minimization of resources that facilitate manufacturing activities. The non-value adding activities are identified then eliminated. This paper will identify the current problem at IKEA, profile literature that is related to lean management and make a conclusion.Description of the organizationIKEA is the largest retailer of accurately designed, inexpensive furniture for the home. The firm develops its products and sells them in global IKEA stor es at relatively low prices to low and middle income earners. The stores sell a variety of ready-to-assemble household goods, majorly furniture and kitchen accessories. Its markets and stores are mainly in Western Europe but it has expanded them to Poland, China, Australia and Singapore.The order winners for the IKEA are the considerably low cost and the high quality of their products. IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy is to ensure cost saving and pass the same to the customers by way of offering a price cut of 20-30% compared to what other players in the industry offer (Edvardsson 2009, p. 23). In addition to cost, the delivery of ready-to-assemble, eco-friendly products are the major winner quantifiers in the market. The production is guided by variety, price, quality and profile that are delivered by the highly collaborative, qualified professionals who range from copywriters, art directors, photographers, interior decorators and even project leaders.Current problem at IKEACurrently, IKE A is the leading furniture retailer in the world. The firm is reputable for cultural and fashionably designed branding. It has continually responded to the increasing concern by the public about its sustainability regarding variety of products, stores and suppliers. IKEA faces a number of problems ranging from organizational focus that affects the effectiveness of its operations to the enormous size and scale of its international business. The modern household goods are expensive due to rising cost in raw material making the strategy of low cost untenable. To compound the problem, IKEA has competitors in Tesco and Wal-Mart companies that not only offer the same products but also follow the strategy of cost reduction. Since IKEA has 11,500 product varieties that include furniture and home accessories with outlets in many countries, Edvardsson foresaw a management crisis (Edvardsson 2009).The sheer size of the company makes management of operations and control of standards and quality difficult. Furthermore, there has been variation on the quality of products from one country to another. For instance, in some countries where the firm has subsidiary companies, legislations regarding work conditions and quality control are compromised whereas in others they are adhered to. This, therefore, facilitates the existence of a weaker link within the supply chain that negatively impact on the brand and reputation of the firm. However, effective supply chain management will really help to overcome these problems.The evidence that supports the existence of the problemThe problem originated from the 2008 downsizing of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s organizational structure that sought to reduce the cost of production. This came about when the company realized that it could not get desired results from the existing positions. The company also slowed down the pace of expansion to 15 stores a year from the normal 25 because it had reached its market maturity as a result of over planni ng. As a result, the demand for low cost products with high quality has become unsustainable because of the reduction in capacity. An analysis documented by Dahlvig revealed that during the 2008 fiscal year, the firm registered a drop in its net profits. The analysis showed that the year 2010-2011 the company experienced a drop when its pre-taxed profits in the UK and US fell from $35 million to $22 million (Dahlvig 2012, p.12). On the other hand, its key competitors that include Wal-Mart and Tesco reported pre-tax profits."The guardian newspaper" reported that the company was adversely mentioned in the horse meat scandal in the UK and claimed innocence while citing weakness in the supply chain. As a result, the firm filed charges against one of its suppliers in order to side-step accountability and play as victim to the allegations. The involvement of its supply chain in the horse meat scandal actually compromised the reputation of the firm. In addition, IKEA is losing customers be cause of the reported cases of low quality products occasioned by breakages.How the problem harms the firm.The strategy of low cost to attract the middle class consumer segment has gone a long way to compromise on the quality of products and reputation of the firm. In contrast, its competitors are targeting a variety of consumers that include the growing middle class and upper class and consequently present direct competition to IKEA. The horse meat scandal injured the reputation of the company as it lost important customers even though the firm was not directly involved. Additionally, stringent regulations are now enforced to avoid a repeat of the same. This will increase on wastage of time within the supply chain and reduce customer value.Literature reviewLean managementPlenert described lean management as the practice of aligning the value adding activities of a process in the supply chain of an organization against the waste (Plenert 2007, p. 161). Ruffa (2008) discussed that fi rms have to focus on the product and the value stream of the same product in order to differentiate between wasted activities and value creating activities. Further, he asserted that the introduction of leanness resulted from the approach to manufacturing that aimed at elimination of waste while emphasizing on creating value over a period of time (Ruffa 2008, p. 43).Taghizadegan posited that lean management is not a concrete activity but it is about thinking (Taghizadegan 2006, p. 76). He said that lean thinking eliminates the conservative way of thinking about roles and responsibilities by focusing on continuous improvement on the core competencies that are valued by an organization. However, HoÃÅ'flinger said that numerous cultural adjustments requisite for any meaningful implementation are needed in order to embrace empowerment and dissemination of the lean manufacturing in the supply chain (HoÃÅ'flinger 1995, p. 23). This opinion was supported by Ruffa when he said that "lean as a way of thinking generate a unique culture that requires everyone in the organization to considerably cut down on the cost and cycle time in the value chain while improving performance of the product" (Ruffa 2008, p. 67).From this analysis, the concept of lean could be viewed from two varying perspectives, namely; practical perspective and the philosophical perspective. Proponents of the philosophical perspective maintain that lean is the achievement of the overall organizational philosophy that has gone a long way to affect the thinking and behavior of people (Cooper Slagmulder, 1999; Naim Berry, 1999 and HoÃÅ'flinger, 1995). They added that the elements of the philosophy supported the guiding principles and the expansive goals of the lean. On the other hand, Naylor,ÂNaim, Berry (1999) looked at lean from the practical perspective when they said that it involved the application of tools, techniques and management practices. In this regard, lean could be defined in t erms of socio-technical systems that apply both technical systems and social system. To support this view, Abdulmalek Rajgopal (2007) emphasized that effective management of the lean strategy requires companies to simultaneously manage technical and social systems. In addition, Naylor,ÂNaim, BerryÂ(1999) demonstrated that simultaneous application of both technically-oriented and socially- oriented practices will guarantee good results. Integration of technical aspects and social aspects of lean will achieve maximum results. The social aspects could include work place relationships, task variety and autonomy.Lean principlesThe philosophy of lean is built on the principle of waste elimination. According to Hoflinger (1995), the major objective of lean is elimination of all activities that compromise the adding of value to the product. All the tasks that compromise on valu...

The Perception Of Human Communication - 948 Words

Prejudice, Stereotype, and how they affect listening Often humans form opinions about one another that may hinder them from listening to a particular group or person effectively. Two ways listening can be impaired is by stereotypes and prejudices’ formed before a certain person even expresses themselves nonverbally or verbally. According to the book â€Å"Fundamentals of Human Communication† the word stereotype is defined as: â€Å"Rigid and usually negative assumptions about personal and social qualities of people who are members of a particular social category. â€Å"(G-10) Another scholarly source confirms this definition by stating that â€Å"a stereotype is a fixed or over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. â€Å" (Cardwell, 1996) Over the years people describe types of communication as stereotypical because it allows a communicator to judge the outcome of a conversation before it even occurs. Stereotypes can sometimes be viewed as advantageous in certain situations because it allow s a communicator to judge an outcome of a situation based on past situations. For example, if a mother has talked to a doctor previously about how to treat a cold and his advice worked well, chances are she will stereotype what will take place the next time she has a cold and consults a doctor before it even happened. On the other hand, in this case stereotyping can be bad when you assume what the other communicator is going to say or do, prejudging the outcome, and you are wrong.Show MoreRelatedSelf Perception1068 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study 1 Self - perception Project 4 Case Study 2 1.Describe your perception of the situation: This situation has the potential to be awkward, but it is certainly salvageable. I think that mentioning Toya’s high level of responsibility and her ability to be a â€Å"self-starter† was a very good opening to this conversation about her first few weeks on the job. Making an interrogative statement about, â€Å"how Toya could improve her work† was a bit of a mistake in my opinion. It put ToyaRead MoreLanguage and human identity1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough language where in fact it is not always true only by a stronger ability in language could change peoples perspective. It is not just how people communicate it is the way for mankind to see the world in different perspective of different perceptions that are influenced by emotions and cultures. According to BBC.co.uk â€Å"It’s estimated that up to 7,000 different languages are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100,000 people. Over a million people converse inRead MoreNonverbal Communication in the Works of Tubbs and Moss, and William Blakes Ideas of Perception and Biases1323 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1 Nonverbal communication is just as important in verbal communication in most instances. In fact, a lot can be disseminated through nonverbal cues and behaviors. Tubbs and Moss show how influential nonverbal communication can be within their work Human Communication: Principles and Contexts, which shows that even the most hidden elements of nonverbal cues can influence communication, both positively and negatively. One of the last sections of Chapter 4: The Nonverbal Message in TubbsRead MoreCommunication Technology Is An Intrinsic Part Of Our Lives1231 Words   |  5 Pageselectronics that the advancement in communication and network technology has provided us with has become a part of our bodies. The obvious effects of these advancements can surely be seen in our society today. Human relationships have changed quite a bit. The way people interact and behave was affected as well. Not only that but also the perception of human relations and feeling of intimacy has shifted or evolved from its pre-existing perception. Communication technology holds a special place inRead MoreEssay on Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Our Time is Up1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between verbal communication and nonverbal communication? Can we communicate every aspect of whatever we want to express by only verbal messages. Why do we use euphemisms, connotation and denotation to express ideas that are uncomfortable or hard to communicate to others? Cite examples from the motion picture shown in the class and other relevant examples. There are many different ways to communicate with one another, however the primary aspects of communication underlie between two groupsRead MorePerceptions1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhy are the perceptions you have of your skills usually different from the perceptions that others have of your skills Why Do Differences in Perception Occur? The way you sense the world—the way you see, hear, smell, touch, and taste—is subjective, uniquely your own. Nobody else sees the world the way you do, and nobody experiences events exactly as you do. The uniqueness of human experience is based largely on differences in perception—â€Å"the process of becoming aware of objects and eventsRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1463 Words   |  6 Pageshas bestowed nurses with a sense of identity and has allowed those outside of nursing to identify the contribution nurses make in healthcare (Draper, 1990). Theory has also endowed the additional benefits including safer patient care, enhanced communication amongst nurses, and direction for research and education (Nolan, Luhnd, Tishalman, 2014). Nurses are influential in the process of patients reaching optimum health. Through collaboration with the patient the nurse provides assistance in settingRead MoreCharter776 Words   |  4 Pages|Project Manager | | |Project Team Resources | |Communications, Policy, Healthy Workplace Advisory group, | | | |Attraction Retention working group | |2.0 Business reasons for project Read MoreMy Guest Star Featured Is Sara Picklesimer987 Words   |  4 PagesRecently this week, we’ve been discussing perception and how it impacts the way we communicate in our daily lives. Interestingly enough, this episode of COMMPENDIUM hosted by Professor Stephen Stifano focused on this subject and its attributes. Our guest star featured is Sara Picklesimer, a University of Louisville graduate and now currently a doctoral student at the University of Connecticut in the field of communication. She was born in Pinesville, Kentucky, and started off as a biology major beforeRead MoreModernism and Virginia Woolf Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesWoolf’s narrative style literary called stream of consciousness, correspond to the perception of time, which has to be viewed as the vital element of modernity. Therefore, before addressing to Woolf’s literary style it is necessary to describe how modernist authors were influenced by th e new concept of time. Time has experienced by modernist author as a phenomenon in which past, present and future are juxtaposed at the same time; therefore, time is not the representative of chronological moment.

Essay On Society In The Great Gatsby - 835 Words

The 1920’s brought about extreme change in the way the average American lived their lives, both socially and politically. Immigration, industrialism, and economy boomed, creating abundant wealth among Americans through the creation of new job opportunities. Eventually, a more defined social class structure was established, bringing fluctuations in the distribution of wealth among different ranks in society. This period of time, known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, is exhibited in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, who uses the characters in the novel to depict the conflict in American society. Gatsby, the central figure of the novel, represents the lower class and is followed as he attempts to achieve the benefits of the American Dream,†¦show more content†¦Contrary to the belief that the higher class has advantages that elevate them in their ability to access the American Dream, the progressive class is still capable of acquiring the wealth needed to ri se in social status and become equal with those within plutocratic society. No matter their pre-existing fortune, citizens of low status are fully capable of achieving the benefits of the American Dream through seizing opportunities given to them and flourishing as equals within American society. Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby as the main protagonist of the lower progressive class by highlighting his limitations in accessing the benefits of the exclusive higher societal classes. Nick observes Gatsby on his pier as â€Å"He stretched out his arms towards the dark water in a curious way†¦ I glanced seaward — and distinguished nothing except a single green light†(Fitzgerald 20-21). Gatsby is portrayed to highlight the fact that no matter how progressive and socially mobile he is, he will never achieve an equal status as those within higher society, which Fitzgerald uses the green light to symbolize. He was convinced that through superfluous wealth and mass property, he could go from the penniless man he was, to entering the highest echelons of American society with Tom and Daisy. Gatsby’s downfall is when he realizes that Tom and Daisy’s society is inaccessible by the rest of America no matter the wealth, proving Fitzgerald’s concept of the lo wer class’s restriction onShow MoreRelated Chapter 2, -The Great Gatsby- -Dying society- Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 2, -The Great Gatsby- -Dying society- Fitzgerald presents in this novel upper-class people, who live in the world of dreams. He tries to describe the life of milliners, who spends enormous amount of money on drugs, parties, alcohol and other luxury things. In this chapter the writer clearly shows us that America in 20th was dying, there was no truth, no love and no real relationships, and everything was based on how much money each American had. All America had just people whoRead MoreFitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Parallel between Jesus of Nazareth and Jay Gatsby711 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby:  Ã‚   Parallel between Jesus of Nazareth  and Jay Gatsby In his critical essay, â€Å"The Mystery of Ungodliness†, Bryce J. Christensen writes about the parallel that F. Scott Fitzgerald creates between Jay Gatsby and Jesus of Nazareth from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Christensen explains that Fitzgerald once wrote a letter to his friend, John Jamieson, explaining that he was going to write the story of Jay Gatsby’s youth, but he did not because he wanted to maintain theRead More Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesCriticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an artificial world where money is the object of everyones desire.   The characters, the setting, and the plot are very deeply submerged in a Capitalism that ends up destroying many of them.   Fitzgeralds criticism of Capitalism can be seen as a move to subtly promote Socialism, an ideology in which value is placed on the inherent value of an object rather than its market value.   InRead More The Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes    Many times we hear of societys affect on people; society influencing the way people think and act.   Hardly mentioned is the reverse: peoples actions and lifestyles affecting society as a whole and how it is characterized.   Thus, society is a reflection of its inhabitants and in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is a wasteland described as the valley of ashes.   Since the characters of this novel make up this wasteland, arent they theRead MoreGreen Light Symbolism In The Great Gatsby877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby symbolizes a major part of whats so called the â€Å"American Dream.† But what is Fitzgeralds assertion on the American Dream? The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald, delivers a perspective of the American society in the 1920s, also the American Dream and It’s mysteries. There are many symbolizes throughout the novel, for example, the bright green light Gatsby gazes from across the oceanside of his Mansion - â€Å"I glanced seawardà ¢â‚¬â€and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minuteRead More Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation      Ã‚   The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masks the decay and corruption that lay at the heart of the Roaring Twenties. The society of the Jazz Age, as observed by Fitzgerald, is morally bankrupt, and thus continually plagued by a crisis of character. Jay Gatsby, though he struggles to be a part of this world, remains unalterably an outsider. His life is a grand irony, in that it is a caricature of Twenties-style ostentation: his closetRead MoreThe Dissolution of a Dream in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1047 Words   |  5 PagesDissolution of a Dream in The Great Gatsby       A dream is defined in the Websters New World Dictionary as: a fanciful vision of the conscious mind; a fond hope or aspiration; anything so lovely, transitory, etc. as to seem dreamlike.   In the beginning pages of F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story gives us a glimpse into Gatsbys idealistic dream which is later disintegrated.   No- Gatsby turned out all right at the end;Read MoreDestruction of Dreams, Failure of Dreamers in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1489 Words   |  6 Pages Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is used to contrast a real American dreamer against what had become of American society during the 1920s.   By magnifying the tragic fate of dreamers, conveying that twenties America lacked the substance to fulfill dreams and exposing the shallowness of Jazz-Age Americans, Fitzgerald foreshadows the destruction of his own generation. The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masked the innate corruption within theRead More Symbols, Symbolism, and Metaphor in The Great Gatsby Essay796 Words   |  4 Pages Metaphors and Symbolisms in The Great Gatsby nbsp; In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many different metaphors and symbolisms to express his point.nbsp; In this essay the point that I wish to make is how Fitzgerald uses colors to develop image, feelings, and scenery depiction to let the reader feel the emotions and other aspects being portrayed in that particular part in the book.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Like every other essay one must address the major pointsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1519 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop the whole plot. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses a lot of symbols in this book. Among all those symbols in it, the symbol of the green light is the strongest, due to the changes of meaning in the book and leading the plot. However, each symbolic imagery is not unique, they interact with each other. This essay will argue that, with the help of other symbols, the symbol of green light becomes the crucial symbol for us to understand The Great Gatsby. Besides, this essay will discuss the three times

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Globalisation - Australia and Asia Essay - 2566 Words

Edward Said states, â€Å"No one today is purely one thing. Labels like Indian, or woman, or Muslim, or American are no more than starting points.† Said’s idea illustrates the evolution of relations between communities as a result of globalization, and the understanding and recognition of other cultures through the interpretation of cultural borders. In this essay I will analyse to what extent globalisation is affecting identity formation, and also the roles of cultural borders in today’s world. I will assess whether through globalisation of the media we are in fact overcoming cultural borders and traditional stereotypes and in turn forging a mutual respect between foreign communities, or as Said argues (Said cited in Crary amp;†¦show more content†¦Archival accounts of the continuous race hatred directed against coloured people in Australia†¦reveal the sexual and other preoccupations that occupied those white minds from which such fantasies emanated (p. 43) Australians wanted little to do with Asia, and besides those who wanted to â€Å"expand the Western Sphere of influence in the region† (Rizvi 1996, p.175), few Australians traveled to Asia. Asian people were essentially defined by their race, and by their embodiment of not being European. It is with these historical perceptions in mind that Said’s statement holds extreme worth. Said could be seen as acknowledging past stereotypical labels enforced on Asian people, and dismissing these labels in today’s world, implying that something has changed to make these labels â€Å"no more than starting points†. Relating this to Australia/Asia, we note that Australians previously judged Asians purely and solely on racial grounds: â€Å"Race became a key explanatory factor not only in academic anthropology, but more importantly in the popular imagination of Australians.† (Rizvi 1996, p. 175). Cultural confusion and an unwillingness to appreciate local customs and values gave birth to a contempt for local culture. Local people were simply seen as ‘other’, and â€Å"non-European people needed to be tamed or civilised, made ‘normal’† (Rizvi 1996, p.175). Whereas before people of differentShow MoreRelatedI.On The 23Rd Of November, 2016, The Economist Magazine1259 Words   |  6 Pagesits loss of profit. 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In this case, the Australia Government announced the establishment of the Major Performing Arts Inquiry (MPAI) in 1998 and the final report ‘SecuringRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of The 21st Century1098 Words   |  5 Pagesonline education a more popular and a lot of the value proposition. Globalisation is a force reorganizing the world’s economy through knowledge and information sharing. The education system must adapt to change brought on by globalization by increasing economic and political interdependence of different parts and cultures of the world includes societal and environmental changes. One of the most immediate impacts of globalisation felt by Australian society results from the creation of a global marketplaceRead MoreNics Have Been and Continue to Be the Driving Force of Globalisation. Discuss.1487 Words   |  6 PagesNICs have been and continue to be the driving force of globalisation. Discuss. An NIC stands for a Newly Industrialised Country. It is a term used to describe a country that has moved away from an agriculture-based economy and into a more industrialised, urban economy. These countries have a high growth rate. Current NICs include China, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey. The average growth rate between these countries is approximately 7.64% comparedRead MoreGlobalization: Building a Global Brand Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalisation has a huge impact on marketing in many ways. Globalisation can force businesses to change their operations, perform to expectations, vary their marketing strategies or adopt a Global Marketing strategy. Businesses must adapt to these situations to succeed in the Global Market and establish themselves as a Global Brand. Marketing is a key, arguably the most important factor of a business. It is the range of activities that aim to identify, anticipate and shape customer demands andRead MoreThe Integration Of Chinese International Students1350 Words   |  6 PagesSociety Australia is a multicultural and multiracial country. After the end of The Immigration Restriction Act 1901, an unprecedented number of immigrants has shifted to Australia from diverse cultural backgrounds, which accelerate the expansion of Australian multiculturalism (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Among all the immigration groups, along with the Europeans, labourers and business people from Asia countries have shifted to Australia to promote the Australian globalisation, and broughtRead MoreHow Globalisation has affected developing countries in the Asia - pacific region1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most alluring country. Globalisation has many impacts on developing countries; these include growth, employment, poverty, women and finance. These will be assessed below. It is striking that global GDP growth has been slower than in previous decades since 1990, the period in which globalization has been most pronounced. This contrasts with predictions of the growth-enhancing impact of globalization. Growth is unevenly distributed among developing countries in the Asia - pacific region. In termsRead MoreThe Changing Nature, Spatial Patterns and Ecological Dimensions of a Global Economic Activity942 Words   |  4 Pagesnew establishing industries in new countries, wine production has been dynamic in its nature, spatial patterns and ecological dimensions. Changing nature The changing nature of the wine industry is characterized by three main elements. 1. Globalisation – has increased the opportunities for wine industries across the world to expand into global markets. Export has become popular, as there are countries that consume a lot of wine but do not produce any. For example, Luxemburg in Europe is one ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Ford And Taylorism Theory973 Words   |  4 Pagesactivity 1, we are going to summarize the ideas of Ford and Taylorism and discuss if the concept it accepted in many countries. Secondly, in the second activity, we are going to review about globalisation by Thomas Friedman. We will mention about the risk of living in the flat world of globalisation. Globalisation has made a huge impact on economic. It has changed the way the world was revolving. E-learning Activities Week 1– Activity 1 – Ford and Taylorism. The key idea of scientific managementRead MoreThe Internationalisation Of Higher Education1018 Words   |  5 Pagesand Teichler, 2007, p. 261). Careful analysis of the literature would seem to support Knight’s view that â€Å"Internationalisation is changing the world of Higher Education and globalisation is changing the world of internationalisation† (Knight,2004, p.5). Welch (2002) looks at the historical and economic background on globalisation and links this to the phenomenon of internationalisation of higher education. He summarises the works of authors including Sklair, Harvey and Giddens. He looks at the rationales

Course project economics and evaluation Free Essays

Course: project economics and evaluation Course code: C11PV Coursework title: Project Appraisal Student Number: H00152083 Lecturer: Dr. Esinath Ndiweni 1. Introduction The work is centred on the importance of project appraisal therefore emphasising on the financial and non-financial techniques of appraisal. We will write a custom essay sample on Course: project economics and evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The object and, therefore, the importance of a project appraisal is making an analysis to see whether the project is viable. It is vital to know whether a project is technically feasible and whether it is going to be an economic liability or not. A project appraisal is an important part of any project and should be taken seriously because a lot rests on it. The effects of a project appraisal are long reaching and have very definite long term effects because of the capital investment that is always required in any project. Once a decision has been made to go ahead with a project, it is irreversible. Even if, through some catastrophic event, the project has to come to an unpredicted halt, the investment has been made so all could be lost. These high expenditures can be critical, not just for that particular project but for the health and survival of the entire business. As such, this paper combines the importance of both methods in order to help in assessment of project performance. 2. Literature review Recent literature has been emphasising on the need to consider the use of both financial and non-financial methods when dealing with project decisions. It is fundamental for a project to consider these techniques in order to measure a success of a project. This part of the paper is focused on critically analysing and evaluating these techniques and justifying why both are important. Some of these methods are very simple (e. g. payback period) while others are particularly sophisticated and complex (e. . Net Present Value, Real Options Reasoning). Simpler methods do not take into account the time value of the money and do not include the risk dimension. All these methods are well documented and explained in the literature. However, there is little empirical evidence on the factors that explain the use of the different techniques by firms. Thus, this p aper is focused on the use of capital investment appraisal methods (CIAM) in practice. Particularly, it analyses whether there are specific contingencies that explain why firms use and do not use specific capital investment appraisal methods. . Financial method of appraisal The decision making in projects are not difficult when we only use financial knowledge. Financial techniques use NPV, IRR, Payback Period techniques in appraising a project as well as making investment decisions. Through this technique, a firm can also analyse a project’s tendency to risk by using sensitivity analysis and risk analysis. Project managers often concentrate on establishing the financial visibility of their projects through reasonable economics. Traditionally, the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period techniques have formed a major component of the financial techniques of investment. They are often based on the time value of money methods to forecast the expected monetary returns of a given project. The reliability of these techniques however depends on the accuracy of the given cash flows and the time frame as planned by the organisation. A major drawback to the financial method of appraisal is the fact that it cannot be practically assumed with a high degree of certainty. The value of all the factors is affected by numerous risks and unforeseen events which are often difficult to tell. Based on an article by S. Mohammed under project certainty (2001) he argued that the financial factors like the net present value, internal rate of return and payback period do not allow for non-financial aspects to be considered in assessing investment option. Non-financial methods such as political, legal and social factors are believed to be essential but rather, firms count them outside the normal appraisal process. These non-financial factors require careful knowledge in order to be managed. In major cases, the neglect of these aspects may result in failure of the project despite having favourable financial components. a. Types of financial techniques of appraisal There different types of techniques in the financial aspects of appraisal. The first to be considered is the Net present Value (NPV). This method enables the firm to determine how much value a project can add. It determines the acceptability of the project. Before taking any step to in a project, the NPV must be considered. If the NPV is positive, then the project can be accepted, whereas if it is negative, the project should be rejected. It determines the stance of the firm in the project and enables organisations to know the end product of the project in terms of cash. The limitation however is the fact that NPV does not accurately forecast future costs and benefits. Another technique is discounted cash flow method which provides approach for evaluating proposed investment project because they recognise the importance of the concepts of time value of money and the cost of capital, and stress the need for forecasting. It can be applied for valuing business as a whole and also for valuing individual business components of a company or firm. Also it can be used by both equity shareholders because on the basis of DCF valuation they can compare two companies and take decision whether to invest or not, and also debt holders can use DCF method to take decision regarding the company. The problem with DCF is that since it is a valuation tool it is dependent heavily on the inputs used for valuation purpose, so if inputs are changed slightly there can be large change in the value of a company. Payback period is another important technique which refers to the period of time a project can cover for the investment made by the company. For example if the initial project cost is ? 50000 and the annual cash flow is ? 10000, it implies that the payback period would be 5 years. It is also beneficial for those companies who are recently established and want to know the time frame in which they would recover their original investment, therefore those companies which do not want to take risk and want quick return on their investments can select those projects which have low payback period and ignore those projects which require long gestation projects. A major disadvantage of payback period is that it does not show a true picture when it comes to evaluating cash flows of a project. b. Advantages and disadvantages of different financial methods of appraisal The payback period is based on the idea of how much time is needed for the project to generate cash flows sufficient to recover the initial amount invested. It can be also used as a criterion for acceptance or rejection of projects in the case that the payback period is above or below a certain number of years previously defined. The main advantages of this method are: ease of understanding; simplicity of implementation; provides an idea of the degree of liquidity and risk of the project; and in times of huge instability, the use of this method is a way to increase the security of investments. Despite these advantages, the payback method has two important drawbacks. First, it ignores the cash flows occurring after the payback time, which can lead to the rejection of profitable projects that require a longer recovery period. Second, the payback period, in its original version, does not consider the time value of money in calculating the cash flows. This is inconsistent with the basic principles of financial mathematics. One way of overcoming this problem is to calculate the payback period by discounting (at the appropriate discounting rate) the expected future cash flows, as proposed by Longmore (1989). The accounting average rate of return (ARR) is computed as the ratio between the project’s estimated average profit and the average accounting value of the investment (Brealey and Myers, 1998). This ratio is compared with the firm’s accounting rate of return or other benchmark external to the firm (e. . the industry average value). The main advantages of this method are its simplicity of understanding and usage, given that the figures used in calculations are those provided by accounting reports. However, this method presents some important weaknesses. First, it does not take into account the time value of money. Second, being based on accounting earnings and not on the project’s cash flows, it is conceptual ly incorrect. Finally, there is the need to set a target rate of return as a prerequisite to apply ARR as an appraisal method (Akalu, 2001). c. Benefits and importance of financial techniques of Appraisal The object and, therefore, the importance of a project appraisal is making an analysis to see whether the project is viable. It is vital to know whether a project is technically feasible and whether it is going to be an economic liability or not. A project appraisal is an important part of any project and should be taken seriously because a lot rests on it. The effects of a project appraisal are long reaching and have very definite long term effects because of the capital investment that is always required in any project. Financial techniques are essential methods in determining the acceptability of the project. Financial method of appraisal is often regarded as the aspect of project appraisal, however, in order for a project to be successful non-financial aspects must also be considered. A major significance of financial method of approval is that it partially justifies spending money on a project. This means that it enquires whether a project gives good value for the budget of the project. It also gives confidence through its several tools that money is being put to good use. Financial techniques are also important decision making tools in which they involve comprehensive analysis of a wide range of data and judgement. This is to enable projects managers to ensure that the selected project is sustainable and it also guarantees sensible ways of managing risk. Furthermore, financial method helps to confirm that projects will be managed properly, by ensuring the calculations are accurate, that there are contingency plans to handle risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged. 4. NON-FINANCIAL METHODS OF APPRAISAL Project appraisal is not all about financial methods. There are non-financial aspects of appraisal that play an important role in helping firms make decisions on projects. As a matter of fact, non-financial factors are considered as the backbones of a project that will either make or break a project. A very important factor that requires consideration is meeting the requirements of current and future legislation. In most cases it is regarded more important than any method of appraisal because it is uncertain. Every country belongs to a system of government that it is accountable to, in an event where every calculations and evaluations have been completed to determine the acceptability of a certain project, and then along the line the government in power brought a rather abrupt end to the given project. The logic in this implies financial techniques of appraisal are very significant to a project, however, they must go hand-in-hand with the non-financial factors and it is paramount for any management to consider meeting the requirements of the legislation first. Other important factors of non-financial methods are matching the standards of the industry, improving staff morale and improving relationships with clients. In most cases, it is fundamental to balance non-financial and financial techniques. The firm may need to decide how important each factor is to the project. An appraisal choice in this way can take into consideration how well the project fits with the techniques. d. Analysis of non-financial factors of appraisal There are different factors to be considered in the appraisal of projects. In most cases some of these factors are neglected in the event of appraisal and it does not reduce the profitability of the project, and on the other hand it renders the project non-profitable. First of all, the political factors must be considered. This is an obvious factor which its omission could result into the end of the project in the sense that the project manager or the firm must meet the requirements of the legislation. For example some governments could ban the use of some web-based advertisements due to political reasons definitely, and the project could sometime require the use of the web-based sites to create awareness of the project to the general public. Due to the actions of the government, the project consequently faces a setback. The advantage of this factor however is that, it does not occur often and it has a low probability of failing a project if it does not occur. A good example of this factor is when 2011, the Egyptian president decided to ban the access of YouTube, a video site that is known worldwide for its ease of video coverage. If the company decides to advertise the project through this means and along the way the decision is taken, the company will definitely face a setback. Another factor to be considered is the environmental factor. Green activities have recently gained popularity to the extent that companies not investing in equipment that preserve the environment are seen as non-responsive by the general public who are the customers. It is also important for a project to be aware of the resources in the area where the project would be launched. For example, in Nigeria, projects that are based on construction are usually suitable for the soils of the northern part because they are arable and fine. If a company decides to launch a project in the southern part there is possibility of failing to get the perfect soil due to large number of oil fields. Also the process of land acquisition is complex. It requires the company to follow a long process in order to acquire a large piece of land. Furthermore for short term projects it would be of immense advantage if the country is blessed with favourable weather conditions and a vast number of skilled labours. Furthermore in addition to the analysis of non-financial methods of appraisal, it is paramount to bring the usefulness of risk into the picture. It enhances decision making on marginal projects. A project whose single-value NPV is small may still be accepted following risk analysis on the grounds that its overall chances for yielding a satisfactory return are greater than is the probability of making an unacceptable loss. Likewise, a marginally positive project could be rejected on the basis of being excessively risky, or one with a lower NPV may be preferred to another with a higher NPV because of a better risk/return profile. However an area for caution is Risk analysis amplifies the predictive ability of sound models of reality. The accuracy of its predictions therefore can only be as good as the predictive capacity of the model employed. Lastly the company or the firm must consider the availability of manpower. In order to ensure the success of a project there must be a high concentration of skilled workers to handle the activities of the project. The higher the number of skilled workers will create a better chance for the project to be launched and completed in a good way. There must be individuals who will handle the financial methods as well and to ensure the project will be favourable or not. e. Limitations of non-financial methods The appraisal of projects in most cases requires the incorporation of the effects of both financial and non-financial methods of appraisal and ensures that these methods are appropriately represented. The main drawback to the non-financial methods of appraisal is that they cannot be used alone to determine the acceptability of a project. Also due to its intangible nature it brings limitation when using probability analysis. This is due to the fact that non-financial factors on projects are often difficult to quantify. As a result of this, current models often ignore this method because of the lack of knowledge of the qualitative and strategic benefit costs. Non-financial have an intangible nature, are difficult to estimate, and cause a subjective analysis to project evaluators. Therefore, the investment decision should rely not only on the traditional evaluation criteria, but also on non-financial factors, through the use of tools and methods that incorporate and quantify non-financial aspects in project evaluation. f. Comparison between financial and non-financial techniques of project appraisal The prominent issue about the financial and non-financial methods of appraisal is the fact both concepts are essential to the success of a project. The neglecting of one aspect of either of the concepts may result in the failure of the project because they work hand-in-hand. In other comments it was understood that the non-financial factors are not instrumental in the appraisal of a project due to their qualitative nature. On other hand, financial methods like the payback period do not give a true picture of what exactly is required in the investment. However in my view the financial techniques are better in showing the benefits of a project. 5. Conclusion The paper is centred on the importance of the techniques of project appraisal. Due to the mutual nature of both the financial and non-financial methods of appraisal, I believe they are both crucial factors to be considered in the appraisal of a project. The two methods complement each other. These methods are not only crucial for project use only but also for students and researchers as well, and hopefully upcoming innovation from researchers could bring adjustments to the financial methods to be simpler. . REFERENCES Akalu, M. (2001). â€Å"Re-examining project appraisal and control: developing a focus on wealth creation. † International Journal of Project Management 19: 375-383. Hermes, N. , P. Smid and L. Yao (2006). â€Å"Capital Budgeting Practices: A Comparative Study of the Netherlands and China†, Working Paper, University of Groningen, p. 36. Hawkins, C. J. , and D. W. Pearce (1971), â€Å"Capital Investment Appraisal† (MacMillan Press). Jones, C. , Software Assessments, Benchmarks, and Best Practices, Information Technology Series, Addison Wesley, 2000 Verbeeten, F. (1993). Do organizations adopt sophisticated capital budgeting practices to deal with uncertainty in the investment decision? A research note. † Management Accounting Research 17: 106-120. http://www. nibusinessinfo. co. uk/content/strategic-issues-investment-appraisal (accessed on March 24, 2013) http://www. accountantnextdoor. com/investment-appraisal-8-non-financial-factors-that-every-accountants-and-managers-should-consider/ (accessed on 22nd march, 2013) http://www. letslearnfinance. com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-payback-period. html (accessed on March 23rd, 2013) How to cite Course: project economics and evaluation, Essay examples

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Example For Students

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Leonardo dad Vines contribution to the era of Renaissance The Renaissance era created an immense amount of talented scientists, artists, inventors, and philosophers who contributed great deal to the development of human race. In history it is hard to find a similar genius individual as the creator of High Renaissance art Leonardo dad Vinci. Even aftereffects of research on his creations, we are still captivated by the brilliance of his works. Leonardo dad Vinci was an artist, a sculptor, an architect, a philosopher, a historian, a mathematician, a physicist, a mechanic, and an astronomer. Consider Leonardo a genius of the High Renaissance. He was undeniably way ahead of his time, and is undoubtedly one of desegregates geniuses that ever lived. He played an enormous role in the development of art and science of the High Renaissance in Italy. His creations Last Supper (495-97) and Mona Lisa (1503-06) are among the most widely popular art works of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa painting is a good example of his work which contributed to the development of art in the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a wife of a Florentine noble. She refused to smile; Leonardo even tried ring musicians but that didnt change her mind. At last, Just for a second she smiled faintly and Leonardo was able to capture it. In his drawing Leonardo masters the techniques of Suffuse and Chiaroscuro. Suffuse involves the most gradual transition from one color to another, giving it a very delicate and expressive image. As mentioned in the studies, Chiaroscuro highlights the contrast of light and shadow. In the Mona Lisa, this is most evident in the contrast between the face and the dark background. I consider the Mona Lisa his most beautiful creation. Leonardo dad Vinci highly influenced the development of science of the High Renaissance in Italy. He is considered one of the prominent contributors to the scientific discoveries of the era. Dad Vinci extended his studies into science and other subjects. For example, he drew complex models of flying machines, as he was fascinated by flight. He also attempted to build flying objects himself and designed an immense amount of mechanical devices. Based on his studies of birds, he drew a human powered ornithology, which is a wing flapping machinate would fly, mimicking the movement of a bird in flight. As a result, some of the machines that he drew on paper such as helicopters would become reality many centuries later. He also had knowledge in the studies of anatomy and was one of the first to understand the circulation of blood in the human body. There seemed to be no limit to his interests and work. Leonardo dad Vinci is one the most prominent individualists lived in the Renaissance era and contributed a vast amount of scientific discoveries and beautiful works of art which are genius and timeless. Leonardo looked far ahead of his time and influenced our generation and development of the modern world today. Leonardo dad Vinci in our life By Andrews

Mathematics

In understanding multiplication, it is essential for students to comprehend addition rules, since they are interrelated in a big way. Multiplication is sometimes referred to as repeated addition whose applications are quicker and more effective.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics – Concept of Multiplication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, instead of adding 4+4+4=12, multiplication simplifies it to 4*3=12. If there are for instance three students each with four rulers, this can be shown by putting four rulers in three groups and allow the student to count them individually. The result is that same answer will be obtained. This indicate that addition involves using the actual number of times one would multiply the number to add it. For example, 4*5= 4+4+4+4+4= 5+5+5+5= 20, on the other hand, multiplication involves dealing with many groups with equal size, or groups with same amount of items in every group. Ability of counting the group number and the items is necessary for one to be able to multiply them. This then shows that addition is an instigator for multiplication where one is able to solve a multiplication problem through repeated addition. This enables the students to understand addition concepts which include manipulation of groups in order to obtain the total product. Moreover, this assists the students in finding out the quantity or the size of items in several groups of equal size. For instance, if there are eight pencils in a pack and one decides to buy five such packs, one will be able to know the number of pencils he is having. This problem can be dealt with by addition method of 8+8+8+8+8=40 which is a repeated addition, replaceable by multiplication method of 8*5=40. In addition, students are able to realize that math is all about how to formulate and solve problems but not memorizing or reciting. This enables students to instead of memorizing m ath such as 4*8=32; they instead consider that the same answer can be obtained through other methods like 4*8= 8+8+8+8= 24+8=32. This is a good method that lucidly shows multiplication and addition relationship. In addition, student can be able to manipulate groups and the item to obtain similar answer, for example 6*7= 3*7+3*7= 21+21= 42 an aspect that gives a creative method of learning multiplication tables, the exact working of math. The Commutative property is an operation that occurs when one changes the order of the items involved without alteration of the results. For example, 3-2 is not equal to 2-3. Examples of commutative in addition and multiplication are: x+y=y+x or 12+13=13+12; and x*y=y*x, or 9*5=5*9. Associative property is a process where one can regroup numbers in any way without altering the answer. In this property, the answer is not altered by the way the numbers are combined.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! G et your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, (x+y) +z= x+(y+z). or 3+(5+4)= (3+5)+4=3+(9)=(8)+4= 12; and x*(y*z)= (x*y)*z or 3*(5*4)=(3*5)*4=60. On the other hand, in distributive property a number is capable of being multiplied by a sum of two other numbers or be distributed to this numbers separately and give the same answer. For example, x*(y+z) =x*y+x*z or 4*(3+2) =4*(5)=20 or 4*3+4*2=12+8=20. These properties help the students through supporting memorization, enabling them to understand properties involved through inclusion of patterns and strategies such as fives and nines. For example, skip counting assists students in finding multiples of two as well as of five by realizing what they already know. For example, an array could be provided to read 2 roes and 6 columns which can be interpreted as 6 columns of 2 or 2 rows of 6 by turning it around. The same applies in three rows of 5 which a student can interpret as 15 put into 3 rows makes 5 columns- or 5 in each row. In distributive property personal invented strategy is used when trying to recall one of the handfuls of multiplication facts. For example, a student may realize that 7*9 is hard and opt to add 2 more 7’s to already known 7 multiple: 49 to get 63 hence making it easier to know 7*9=63. In addition, it enables using facts of five to get sixes. For example, in 6*3 problems the student can think that this mean 5 groups of 3 and one more group of 3. That is, 6*3= (5*3)+(1*3)=18. However, there are some conceptual errors that students make, with common errors involving forgetting the previous knowledge taught. For example, it is common for students to forget the addition and multiplication rules. For example, the rule that 4*3 means counting a group of 4 items three times and instead they add the two figures. Here, it is important for teachers to review the some important information from the previous topic to activate student’s memories in recalling what they lea rned about these rules. This is an error brought about by the fact that math is a cumulative subject. Additionally, students get confused by change of signs when dealing with addition or multiplication at the same time. For example, in a problem such as 3*7+3*7, student may solve it by dealing with addition first and multiplying later, that is 3*(10)*7=210 instead of 21+21=42. This is due to confusion of signs application rule as per the order (which one comes first).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics – Concept of Multiplication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Here teaching the student BODMAS RULE, will ensure they deal with problems containing more than one sign effectively by applying the first sign first. Also illustrating the sign different and cautioning student to ensure that they identify when they are dealing with multiplication and not addition will enable them to deal with this proble m. Another conceptual error arises from confusion of the associative rules with Distributive property rules. Students forget these rules and in many cases, they forget to interpret the signs ending up solving the problems wrongly. For example if a problem of 4+ (3+5) is provided to the student, they sometime confuse it with 4*(3+5) and instead of solving it as 4+(8)= 12 they end up with (12)+(20)= 32. Here, explaining to the student how the sign before the parenthesis affect the numbers within the parenthesis will enable them when it is needed to distribute and when not. Also this calls for intensive practice and reiteration to develop student’s habit. Understanding that math is a confusing subject to many students, it is essential to parents, teachers and tutors. This is because mathematics contains many rules as well as formulas to memorize and recall. One way of assisting students to memorize these rules and formulas is correlating them with examples in real life. This wil l create reasons behind the formulas enabling students to identify problems within them. For example, in multiplication of length and width to obtain an area, this can be correlated to real life examples such amount of paint to apply on a classroom wall. On the other hand, when adding length twice and width twice to get the perimeter of a rectangle, this can be correlated with measurement of a fence around a piece of land. Thus math will become less threatening to the student as they will view it as real life phenomenon. Moreover, integrating the examples with multiplication and addition will assist the students in reinforcement of these concepts. This essay on Mathematics – Concept of Multiplication was written and submitted by user G1selle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Evaluating Opportunities for Revenue Management Essays

Evaluating Opportunities for Revenue Management Essays Evaluating Opportunities for Revenue Management Paper Evaluating Opportunities for Revenue Management Paper Within the restaurant, airline hotel industries the characteristics that feature most prominently are Intangibility, perishability variability. All these industries use these characteristics to their own advantage to enable them to attract new customers also retain their current customers. Intangibility is a characteristic that all the industries have play a part in the service that they create. The building premises help to make the customers feel welcome, comfortable help to bring energy to the service. As with all the industries they have a high involvement so there is such an importance for the companies to get it right with location, the properties dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor for which the service the place in. The staff being polite, friendly approachable is a characteristic they all would like to share; majority would endorse that ethic but at times may not always be practiced. Within certain hotels the languages that an employee speaks is on their name badge, this helps the customers feel at ease. Websites the internet can provide the customer with an idea an incite for what they can expect enhance the image before the customer attends. Perishability characteristics feature in the three industries but in different ways, perishabilty is described by Palmer (2005) as services that cant be stored. In restaurants once the product are passed a sell by date or perished then they cant be used again, similarly within the other industries they involve perishable goods that cant be used once a certain time has passed. With hotels once a time has past that room within that time cant be used, like once a plane has taken off you cant sell another ticket on that plane because of the fixed seating. Ways in which they will overcome this problem is that they will attempt to deploy a yield management strategy to make sure that capacity is at its maximum. Variability has been important in these service industries as it can mean the whether their service is standardised, whether the customer can be an influential part of the services through customisation choose the service. With more demand for customisation Venkat (2007) describes the reason for this as In this age of product diversity, mass markets are progressively fragmented with different segments of customers demanding customised products. As every customer is different their expectation of the service thats provided is going to be different, a way in which organisation have overcome this through standardising practices letting customers choose the service. In restaurants many standardizations take place including scripting, settings menus, this way the are able they try and meet more of the whole customers expectancies, rather than tailor it to one certain person. Airlines hotels have used the opportunity to allow the customer to individualise their experience before the partake, allow them to choose seating, check in before they get there offering services like a morning paper in hotel that the read. This use helps to make the customer feel welcome gains customer loyalty. Although inseparability is not as common as the other characteristics it has become more of a key role with the introduction of certain technologies through web checking, online reservations online digital food delivery it enables them to produce the service. Lack of ownership effect all three industries as the service they provide cant be owned, this said in some instances the customers feel as though they do own a part of the service. With this problem all three industries have attempted to overcome it by putting features in place that give the consumer that feeling of ownership, this has been by creating customer loyalty relationship marketing. The hotel market has introduced regular offer, savings on certain timings potential upgrades to get customers interest. Theyve also looked at selling their own merchandise by selling their own towels dressing gowns. The internet has been used by all three with the inclusion of e-newsletters to its customers on a regular basis with updates. Restaurants have created the ownership through loyalty cards and trying to create an experience within the restaurants like TGIS Hard Rock Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ where you can get souvenirs like photos. Airlines through the use of air miles which encourage customers to re use the airline also create a relationship with them. Characteristics at Coyote Loco Restaurant In regards to the Coyote Loco restaurant the service characteristics that are most important, it can be seen that intangibility, perish ability variability are the key characteristics to enable quality service. Perishability With the restaurant having reservations tables available throughout the day it is vital they make the most of each potential yield, as once time has past the opportunity is gone which means that that money is lost. With this in mind its key that they look at ways in which they can make the most out what they have available spread the demand. Intangibility Several intangible aspects affect the service quality of Coyote Loco, from the atmosphere, staff the experience the restaurant creates. The atmosphere can invite custom as it comes across as a friendly, lively exciting place to eat that using this to create an experience for the customers could help to create loyalty attract segments not previously targeted. The customer service of staff how they treat the customers is a massive part of creating service quality, staff being polite, courteous going the extra mile can have an imprint on customers minds even mean they remember the service more than the product theyve product. Internal marketing is important as the staff can have such an effect on so many other areas of the service almost act as part time marketers. In regards to variability the fact that certain standardisations in seating and the time at which customers take is something that isnt deployed enough and means that they are missing out on potential yields. The use of a revenue management strategy can be vital for Coyote Loco in making sure that the restaurant makes the most of each yield. The meaning of revenue management can be seen by Kimes (2001) as An umbrella term for a set of strategies that enable capacity-constrained service industries to realize optimum revenue from operations. This illustrates the importance of the strategy which is why many organisations use these types of strategies including industries where they share the characteristic of perishable products such as restaurants. By using the 4cs of yield management within the strategy looking to incorporate parts of each c into the strategy they identify weaknesses opportunities in their service for revenue management. As Coyote Loco has larger demand during months when student are there the use of Calendar strategy will help to forecast future demand by tracking historical demand patterns. This process will involve a forecasting procedure to allow for overbooking the probability that some customer may not show up. Having a system that could forecast demand will give an advantage they could include using a threshold curve to do this. Clock strategy will enable Coyote Loco to dictate the amount of time each service cycle last. This approach will be imperative to the restaurant and be the main tool used during busy periods as it could reduce certain times in the process potentially allow them to take more customers at those times, this also needs to done carefully as although in other strategies some customers may be sensitive to the price this also could have the adverse effect on customers who are time sensitive. To attract the price sensitive customer the restaurant could use a cost strategy of lowering the price restricting the menu at slower periods to try and bring those customers in, the use of a simply menu would also mean they could potentially reduce some of there running cost during these times like lunch time. This said the restaurant need to make sure that the customer who eat at peak times feel like there getting the better service and possibility of upgrading there meal or using something else to improve the service like loyalty cards, preferential booking features, dinners club even special seating to keep that customer loyalty. A strategy that many companies have used to make sure they make the most of each potential yield they have available is changing the prices charged for certain slow periods. This way they can lower the prices when less busy to make sure they get as many customers through the doors. In the case of Coyote Loco with the mid week lunch time troughs the use of special deals at these times like two courses for a reduced price or early bird specials to reward customers who eat earlier in the day. At lunchtimes the use of buffet or set menus could not only attract customers but could also mean they could reduce their costs. Many restaurants have buffet lunches at a set price where its all you can eat, this gives the incentive that they are being given the opportunity at a reasonable cost, although setting a time limit or a set allocation would be beneficial. This way they could also attract other target segments; with the lunchtime buffet they could try to attract the local businesses on their lunch to further develop the connection with students. The implementation of further developing customer loyalty, as the restaurant has some loyal customers its important to make sure they are rewarded for coming back that new customers they can create that loyalty. Capacity management is key as with the restaurant they will have a good idea of how long customer duration will roughly be, they need to use this information along with the reservations they have to forecast the amount of patrons to avoid overcrowding, turning away of custom customer displeasure. They could do this by deploying a table management system to make sure the change over time between customers runs smoothly, training the hostess in regards to this will help to use standardisation in regards to the table layout at busy periods will potentially increase capacity. The use of the whole restaurant will also enable the to gain more capacity as many customers staying at tables to drink they could encourage the use of the bar also take advantage of the outside area during summer months. A tactic that many restaurants also use for customer while waiting to be seated is having a drink at the bar, this could also be used within the restaurant and could be encouraged by staff for before after meals.